Versio ninfo Python version info winver Version number Python sys.argv sys.ar gv0 foo.py sys.ar gv1 bar sys.ar gv2 -c sys.ar gv3 qux sys.ar gv4 -h sys.argv for the command: $ python foo.py bar -c qux -h Python os Variables altsep Altern ative sep curdir Current dir string defpath Default search path devnull Path of null device.
- This cheat sheet has been designed assuming that you have a basic knowledge of python and machine learning but need a quick reference to turn to when you need to look up the commands in Scikit. What is Scikit Learn? Scikit-Learn or “ sklearn“ is a free, open source machine learning library for the Python programming language.
- Python is a flexible programming language that has become increasingly popular in the past few years. This cheat sheet is designed to give you a handy resource for common Python data types, Python operators, and Python functions. It includes Python data types, operators, special characters, f-strings, and functions for working with robots.
- Command CheatSheet
Command CheatSheet
h(elp)
Without argument, print the list of available commands. With a command name as argument, print help about that command.
w(here)
Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom. An arrow indicates the “current frame”, which determines the context of most commands.
d(own)
Move the current frame one level down in the stack trace (to a newer frame).
u(p)
Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace (to an older frame).
b(reak): [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
With a filename:line number argument, set a break there. If filename is omitted, use the current file. With a function name, set a break at the first executable line of that function. Without argument, list all breaks. Each breakpoint is assigned a number to which all the other breakpoint commands refer.
The condition argument, if present, is a string which must evaluate to true in order for the breakpoint to be honored.
tbreak: [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
Temporary breakpoint, which is removed automatically when it is first hit. The arguments are the same as break.
cl(ear): [bpnumber [bpnumber ...] ]
With a space separated list of breakpoint numbers, clear those breakpoints. Without argument, clear all breaks (but first ask confirmation).
disable bpnumber: [bpnumber ...]
Disables the breakpoints given as a space separated list of breakpoint numbers. Disabling a breakpoint means it cannot cause the program to stop execution, but unlike clearing a breakpoint, it remains in the list of breakpoints and can be (re-)enabled.
enable bpnumber: [bpnumber ...]
Enables the breakpoints specified.
ignore bpnumber count
Sets the ignore count for the given breakpoint number. If count is omitted, the ignore count is set to 0. A breakpoint becomes active when the ignore count is zero. When non-zero, the count is decremented each time the breakpoint is reached and the breakpoint is not disabled and any associated condition evaluates to true.
condition bpnumber condition
condition is an expression which must evaluate to true before the breakpoint is honored. If condition is absent, any existing condition is removed; i.e., the breakpoint is made unconditional.
s(tep)
Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion (either in a function that is called or in the current function).
n(ext)
Continue execution until the next line in the current function is reached or it returns.
unt(il)
Continue execution until the line with a number greater than the current one is reached or until the current frame returns.
r(eturn)
Continue execution until the current function returns.
run [args ...]
Restart the debugged python program. If a string is supplied it is splitted with “shlex”, and the result is used as the new sys.argv. History, breakpoints, actions and debugger options are preserved. “restart” is an alias for “run”.
c(ont(inue))
Continue execution, only stop when a breakpoint is encountered.
l(ist): [first [,last]]
List source code for the current file. Without arguments, list 11 lines around the current line or continue the previous listing. With one argument, list 11 lines starting at that line. With two arguments, list the given range; if the second argument is less than the first, it is a count.
a(rgs)
Python 3 Quick Reference Card
Print the argument list of the current function.
p expression
Print the value of the expression.
Python selenium commands cheat sheet
Frequently used python selenium commands – Cheat Sheet
To import webdriver module in python use below import statement
Driver setup:
Firefox:
firefoxdriver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=”Path to Firefox driver”)
To download: Visit GitHub
Chrome:
chromedriver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=”Path to Chrome driver”)
To download: Visit Here
Internet Explorer:
iedriver = webdriver.IE(executable_path=”Path To IEDriverServer.exe”)
To download: Visit Here
Edge:
edgedriver = webdriver.Edge(executable_path=”Path To MicrosoftWebDriver.exe”)
To download: Visit Here
Opera:
operadriver = webdriver.Opera(executable_path=”Path To operadriver”)
To download: visit GitHub
Safari:
SafariDriver now requires manual installation of the extension prior to automation
Browser Arguments:
–headless
To open browser in headless mode. Works in both Chrome and Firefox browser
–start-maximized
To start browser maximized to screen. Requires only for Chrome browser. Firefox by default starts maximized
–incognito
To open private chrome browser
–disable-notifications
To disable notifications, works Only in Chrome browser
Example:
or
To Auto Download in Chrome:
To Auto Download in Firefox:
We can add any MIME types in the list. MIME for few types of files are given below.
- Text File (.txt) – text/plain
- PDF File (.pdf) – application/pdf
- CSV File (.csv) – text/csv or “application/csv”
- MS Excel File (.xlsx) – application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet or application/vnd.ms-excel
- MS word File (.docx) – application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
Zip file (.zip) – application/zip
Note:
The value of browser.download.folderList can be set to either 0, 1, or 2.
0 – Files will be downloaded on the user’s desktop.
1 – Files will be downloaded in the Downloads folder.
2 – Files will be stored on the location specified for the most recent download
Disable notifications in Firefox
firefoxOptions.set_preference(“dom.webnotifications.serviceworker.enabled”, false);
firefoxOptions.set_preference(“dom.webnotifications.enabled”, false);
Open specific Firefox browser using Binary:
Open specific Chrome browser using Binary:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.binary_location = “”
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path=””)
driver.get(‘http://google.com/’)
Read Browser Details:
driver.title
driver.window_handles
driver.current_window_handles
driver.current_url
driver.page_source
Go to a specified URL:
driver.get(“http://google.com”)
driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.refresh()
Locating Elements:
driver.find_element_by_ – To find the first element matching the given locator argument. Returns a WebElement
driver.find_elements_by_ – To find all elements matching the given locator argument. Returns a list of WebElement
By ID
<input id=”q” type=”text” />
element = driver.find_element_by_id(“q”)
By Name
<input id=”q” name=”search” type=”text” />
element = driver.find_element_by_name(“search”)
By Class Name
<div class=”username” style=”display: block;”>…</div>
element = driver.find_element_by_class_name(“username”)
By Tag Name
<div class=”username” style=”display: block;”>…</div>
element = driver.find_element_by_tag_name(“div”)
By Link Text
<a href=”#”>Refresh</a>
element = driver.find_element_by_link_text(“Refresh”)
By Partial Link Text
<a href=”#”>Refresh Here</a>
element = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(“Refresh”)
By XPath
<form id=”testform” action=”submit” method=”get”>
Username: <input type=”text” />
Password: <input type=”password” />
</form>
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath(“//form[@id=’testform’]/input[1]”)
By CSS Selector
<form id=”testform” action=”submit” method=”get”>
<input class=”username” type=”text” />
<input class=”password” type=”password” />
</form>
element = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(“form#testform>input.username”)
Important Modules to Import:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options
Python Selenium commands for operation on elements:
button/link/image:
click()
get_attribute()
is_displayed()
is_enabled()
Text field:
send_keys()
clear()
Checkbox/Radio:
is_selected()
click()
Select:
Find out the select element using any element locating strategies and then select options from list using index, visible text or option value.
Python Cheat Code
Element properties:
is_displayed()
is_selected()
is_enabled()
These methods return either true or false.
Read Attribute:
get_attribute(“”)
Get attribute from a disabled text box
driver.find_element_by_id(“id”).get_attribute(“value”);
Screenshot:
Note: An important note to store screenshots is that save_screenshot(‘filename’) and get_screenshot_as_file(‘filename’) will work only when extension of file is ‘.png’. Otherwise content of the screenshot can’t be viewed
Read articles for more details about taking screenshot and element screenshot
The list here contains mostly used python selenium commands but not exhaustive. Please feel free to add in comments if you feel something is missing and should be here.
3 Responses
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Thank you very much
Hi Sir,
I am trying to do the sorting in selenium with python using For loop could u please help me is there any way that i can do it ?
Sorting in descending order in the below website
website: https://jqueryui.com/sortable/